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Lymphedema is a condition that often affects patients who have cancer. It causes swelling of the limbs and promotes the development of infection. If lymphedema is caught early enough, it can be treated. Knowing the symptoms, risk factors, and treatment options of lymphedema can help patients feel more secure about their medical care, and protect their health from more serious complications.

What is lymphedema?

The body’s lymphatic system contains its own special fluid. This fluid can “pool” in the limbs of the body, causing swelling. Usually the lymphatic fluid collects in the arms or legs. Over time, the fluid changes the body’s tissue, first making it spongy, and eventually making it harder. If the condition is diagnosed early, doctors can control other medical conditions associated with lymphedema, such as infection and complications with wound healing.

How can I identify lymphedema?

Usually patients with lymphedema begin to feel a sort of fullness or weight in their limbs. The skin may get tight, and it might be difficult to wear jewelry like rings and watches. Clothing often feels tight around the affected limbs, and joints in that limb begin to lose some flexibility. If you notice consistent swelling or signs of infection (rash, redness, or hot skin), seek medical attention immediately. The condition develops in stages, and the last stages cause irreversible damage. It’s important to catch lymphedema as early as possible.

What causes lymphedema?

The condition can be either primary or secondary. Patients with primary lymphedema were born with an abnormal lymphatic system. They may be missing lymphatic vessels (commonly called lymph nodes), or have other disorders that cause the system to function incorrectly. Secondary lymphedema is much more common. This occurs when the patient’s lymphatic system is altered in some way, usually as a result of another medical treatment. For instance, a patient’s lymph nodes may have to be removed due to the presence of cancer.

How does lymphedema develop?

Any change to the lymphatic system, including the formation of scar tissue on lymph nodes, alters the way that the body can process lymphatic fluid. Once that normal flow has been interrupted, the liquid simply builds up in the body’s extremities.

Which treatments raise a person’s risk for lymphedema?

Although many cancer patients get lymphedema, not all do. It depends on whether lymph nodes must be removed as part of treatment. Patients who take Tamoxifen have elevated risk for lymphedema, along with blood clots and deep venous thrombosis (DVT). Radiation treatment can cause scarring on lymph nodes, resulting in interrupted lymphatic flow and increased risk for lymphedema.

I’ve been diagnosed with lymphedema. What are my treatment options?

Proper treatment depends on the cause of lymphedema. Sometimes it starts with an infection, and requires antibiotic treatment first. Otherwise, doctors usually follow a protocol called Complex Decongestive Therapy (CDT). This therapy includes multiple treatment approaches, including drainage, bandaging, and the use of compression garments like stockings or sleeves. Patients will be advised to take good care of their skin and maintain a proper diet. They may also do specific exercises and learn how to drain and bandage if appropriate.

If you’d like more information about lymphedema or cancer care, please contact us at Largo Medical Center. Visit us online, or call Consult-a-Nurse® at 1-877-442-2362 for free physician referrals, answers to your questions, and details about lymphedema support groups.